USA: Measles is a highly contagious viral disease that primarily spreads through respiratory droplets. When an infected person coughs, sneezes, or even talks, tiny droplets containing the virus are released into the air and can be inhaled by others nearby. This makes measles one of the most easily transmitted diseases, particularly in crowded or poorly ventilated areas. Even individuals who are not showing symptoms can still spread the virus, which contributes to its rapid transmission.
The measles virus is extremely resilient and can remain in the air for up to two hours after an infected person has left the area. This characteristic makes it easier for the disease to spread in public places such as schools, healthcare settings, and other densely populated environments. As a result, outbreaks of measles can occur quickly if preventive measures such as vaccination are not in place. The virus is so contagious that nearly 90% of unvaccinated people who come into contact with the virus will become infected.
Symptoms of measles typically appear about 10-14 days after exposure and include high fever, cough, runny nose, and a characteristic red rash that usually starts on the face and spreads throughout the body. Complications from measles can be severe, especially in young children, the elderly, and those with weakened immune systems. These complications may include pneumonia, encephalitis, and in some cases, death. For this reason, it is crucial to prevent the spread of measles through vaccination and other public health measures.
Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent the spread of measles. The MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine has been proven to be highly effective in preventing measles and its complications. Public health authorities strongly recommend that children receive the MMR vaccine at the appropriate age, typically as part of routine childhood immunizations. By maintaining high vaccination coverage in communities, the spread of measles can be controlled, and the risk of outbreaks can be minimized.
